More News : In Hindu philosophy, the concept of the universe is not merely physical but deeply spiritual and symbolic. According to the Vishnu Purana and Bhagavata Purana, the cosmos is sustained by divine forces rather than existing in empty space.
Ancient scriptures describe that the entire universe rests upon the hoods of Sheshnag (Ananta Shesha). Sheshnag, in turn, is supported by a gigantic cosmic tortoise associated with Kurma, the turtle incarnation of Vishnu. This divine structure is believed to exist within the infinite Kshira Sagara (Ocean of Milk), where Lord Vishnu rests in a state of yogic sleep. From Vishnu’s navel emerges a lotus upon which Brahma sits and creates the universe.
According to the Puranas, creation is divided into 14 Lokas (worlds or realms), which are believed to exist within the cosmic lotus.
The Seven Higher Realms (Upper Lokas)
The upper worlds, known as Urdhva Lokas, symbolize higher states of consciousness and spiritual evolution.
- Brahmaloka – The highest realm, regarded as the abode of Brahma and the center of cosmic administration.
- Tapoloka – The realm of great sages and divine beings engaged in intense meditation and austerity.
- Janaloka – Home of enlightened sages such as Sanaka, Sanandana, and other Sanat Kumaras.
- Maharloka – The realm of great rishis dedicated to knowledge, wisdom, and sacred rituals.
- Svargaloka (Heaven) – The celestial kingdom ruled by Indra, filled with divine pleasures and heavenly beings.
- Bhuvarloka – The region associated with planets, stars, and cosmic energies.
- Bhuloka (Earth) – The human world, where karma, duty, and spiritual growth take place.
The Seven Lower Realms (Nether Worlds)
The lower worlds, known as Adho Lokas, are associated with material and mystical powers.
- Atala – A realm traditionally associated with powerful beings and demonic forces.
- Vitala – Believed to be inhabited by attendants of Lord Shiva.
- Sutala – The kingdom of Mahabali, who was blessed by Vamana.
- Talatala – The realm of the architect-demon Maya.
- Mahatala – The dwelling place of numerous serpent races (Nagas).
- Rasatala – A dark realm associated with powerful asuras.
- Patala – The deepest nether region, described as the abode of Nagas and other mysterious beings.
Spiritual Meaning of the Lokas
Hindu scriptures also describe various Narakas (hellish realms) beneath these worlds, where souls experience the consequences of their actions.
Many scholars interpret the 14 Lokas symbolically rather than literally. They are seen as representing different levels of existence, consciousness, spiritual development, and karmic experience. In this view, the cosmic imagery of Vishnu, Sheshnag, and the 14 Lokas illustrates the interconnectedness and balance of the universe.
According to Hindu belief, Lord Vishnu sustains cosmic order, while Ananta Shesha (Sheshnag) symbolizes the eternal foundation that upholds creation. It is believed that as long as Sheshnag endures, the universe itself continues to exist.
